Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient levels and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Nanjing, China.
Identifieur interne : 000377 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000376; suivant : 000378Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient levels and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Nanjing, China.
Auteurs : Ming Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Sihua Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Min Shao [République populaire de Chine] ; Limin Zeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jun Zheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Fangjian Xie [République populaire de Chine] ; Haotian Lin [République populaire de Chine] ; Kun Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xingdong Lu [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- The Science of the total environment [ 1879-1026 ] ; 2021.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- Wicri :
- geographic : République populaire de Chine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds.
- geographic : China.
- COVID-19, Communicable Disease Control, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract
A lot of restrictive measures were implemented in China during January-February 2020 to control rapid spread of COVID-19. Many studies reported impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, but little research focused on ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) till now, which play important roles in production of ozone and secondary organic aerosol. In this study, impact of COVID-19 lockdown on VOCs mixing ratios and sources were assessed based on online measurements of VOCs in Nanjing during December 20, 2019-Feburary 15, 2020 (P1-P2) and April 15-May 13, 2020 (P3). Average VOCs levels during COVID-19 lockdown period (P2) was 26.9 ppb, about half of value for pre-lockdown period (P1). Chemical composition of VOCs also showed significant changes. Aromatics contribution during decreased from 13% during P1 to 9% during P2, whereas alkanes contribution increased from 64% to 68%. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was then applied for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) sources apportionment. Five sources were identified, including a source related to transport and background air masses, three sources related to petrochemical industry or chemical industry (petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene, petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics, and chemical industry-benzene), and a source attributed to gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission. During P2, NMHCs levels from petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics showed the largest relative decline of 94%, followed by petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene (67%), and gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission (67%). Furthermore, ratios of OH reactivity of NMHCs versus NO2 level (ROH,NMHCs/NO2) and total oxidant production rate (P (OX)) were calculated to assess potential influences of COVID-19 lockdown on O3 formation.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143823
PubMed: 33261875
PubMed Central: PMC7677035
Affiliations:
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Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Kun" sort="Hu, Kun" uniqKey="Hu K" first="Kun" last="Hu">Kun Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country 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Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Sihua" sort="Lu, Sihua" uniqKey="Lu S" first="Sihua" last="Lu">Sihua Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement><region type="capitale">Pékin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shao, Min" sort="Shao, Min" uniqKey="Shao M" first="Min" last="Shao">Min Shao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. Electronic address: mshao@pku.edu.cn.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Jiangmen</settlement><region type="province">Guangdong</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Limin" sort="Zeng, Limin" uniqKey="Zeng L" first="Limin" last="Zeng">Limin Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement><region type="capitale">Pékin</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Jun" sort="Zheng, Jun" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jun" last="Zheng">Jun Zheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Fangjian" sort="Xie, Fangjian" uniqKey="Xie F" first="Fangjian" last="Xie">Fangjian Xie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210093</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Haotian" sort="Lin, Haotian" uniqKey="Lin H" first="Haotian" last="Lin">Haotian Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Kun" sort="Hu, Kun" uniqKey="Hu K" first="Kun" last="Hu">Kun Hu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xingdong" sort="Lu, Xingdong" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xingdong" last="Lu">Xingdong Lu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing 210044</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Science of the total environment</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-1026</idno><imprint><date when="2021" type="published">2021</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>China (MeSH)</term><term>Communicable Disease Control (MeSH)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Ozone (analysis)</term><term>SARS-CoV-2 (MeSH)</term><term>Volatile Organic Compounds (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chine (MeSH)</term><term>Composés organiques volatils (analyse)</term><term>Contrôle des maladies transmissibles (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Ozone (analyse)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (analyse)</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Ozone</term><term>Volatile Organic Compounds</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Composés organiques volatils</term><term>Ozone</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>COVID-19</term><term>Communicable Disease Control</term><term>Environmental Monitoring</term><term>Humans</term><term>SARS-CoV-2</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chine</term><term>Contrôle des maladies transmissibles</term><term>Humains</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>République populaire de Chine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A lot of restrictive measures were implemented in China during January-February 2020 to control rapid spread of COVID-19. Many studies reported impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, but little research focused on ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) till now, which play important roles in production of ozone and secondary organic aerosol. In this study, impact of COVID-19 lockdown on VOCs mixing ratios and sources were assessed based on online measurements of VOCs in Nanjing during December 20, 2019-Feburary 15, 2020 (P1-P2) and April 15-May 13, 2020 (P3). Average VOCs levels during COVID-19 lockdown period (P2) was 26.9 ppb, about half of value for pre-lockdown period (P1). Chemical composition of VOCs also showed significant changes. Aromatics contribution during decreased from 13% during P1 to 9% during P2, whereas alkanes contribution increased from 64% to 68%. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was then applied for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) sources apportionment. Five sources were identified, including a source related to transport and background air masses, three sources related to petrochemical industry or chemical industry (petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene, petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics, and chemical industry-benzene), and a source attributed to gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission. During P2, NMHCs levels from petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics showed the largest relative decline of 94%, followed by petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene (67%), and gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission (67%). Furthermore, ratios of OH reactivity of NMHCs versus NO<sub>2</sub> level (R<sub>OH,NMHCs</sub>/NO<sub>2</sub>) and total oxidant production rate (P (O<sub>X</sub>)) were calculated to assess potential influences of COVID-19 lockdown on O<sub>3</sub> formation.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Automated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33261875</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2021</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>10</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1879-1026</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>757</Volume><PubDate><Year>2021</Year><Month>Feb</Month><Day>25</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Science of the total environment</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Sci Total Environ</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient levels and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Nanjing, China.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>143823</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0048-9697(20)37354-X</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143823</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>A lot of restrictive measures were implemented in China during January-February 2020 to control rapid spread of COVID-19. Many studies reported impact of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, but little research focused on ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) till now, which play important roles in production of ozone and secondary organic aerosol. In this study, impact of COVID-19 lockdown on VOCs mixing ratios and sources were assessed based on online measurements of VOCs in Nanjing during December 20, 2019-Feburary 15, 2020 (P1-P2) and April 15-May 13, 2020 (P3). Average VOCs levels during COVID-19 lockdown period (P2) was 26.9 ppb, about half of value for pre-lockdown period (P1). Chemical composition of VOCs also showed significant changes. Aromatics contribution during decreased from 13% during P1 to 9% during P2, whereas alkanes contribution increased from 64% to 68%. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was then applied for non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) sources apportionment. Five sources were identified, including a source related to transport and background air masses, three sources related to petrochemical industry or chemical industry (petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene, petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics, and chemical industry-benzene), and a source attributed to gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission. During P2, NMHCs levels from petrochemical industry#2-C7-C9 aromatics showed the largest relative decline of 94%, followed by petrochemical industry#1-propene/ethene (67%), and gasoline evaporation and vehicular emission (67%). Furthermore, ratios of OH reactivity of NMHCs versus NO<sub>2</sub> level (R<sub>OH,NMHCs</sub>/NO<sub>2</sub>) and total oxidant production rate (P (O<sub>X</sub>)) were calculated to assess potential influences of COVID-19 lockdown on O<sub>3</sub> formation.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Ming</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName><ForeName>Sihua</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shao</LastName><ForeName>Min</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China. Electronic address: mshao@pku.edu.cn.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zeng</LastName><ForeName>Limin</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Jun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xie</LastName><ForeName>Fangjian</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nanjing Municipal Academy of Ecological and Environment Protection Science, Nanjing 210093, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>Haotian</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName><ForeName>Kun</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lu</LastName><ForeName>Xingdong</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Sci Total Environ</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0330500</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0048-9697</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000393">Air Pollutants</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D055549">Volatile Organic Compounds</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>66H7ZZK23N</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D010126">Ozone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000393" MajorTopicYN="Y">Air Pollutants</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="Y">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002681" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">China</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003140" MajorTopicYN="N">Communicable Disease Control</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004784" MajorTopicYN="N">Environmental Monitoring</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010126" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ozone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086402" MajorTopicYN="N">SARS-CoV-2</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055549" MajorTopicYN="Y">Volatile Organic Compounds</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Industrial emission</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Nanjing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Ozone</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Source apportionment</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">VOCs</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2021</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>2</Day><Hour>5</Hour><Minute>23</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33261875</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0048-9697(20)37354-X</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143823</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7677035</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Apr;72(3):335-348</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28190079</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 25;732:139282</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32413621</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2015 Sep 17;525(7569):367-71</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26381985</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Oct 15;47(20):11837-48</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24011064</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Environ Res. 2020 Aug;187:109634</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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Wang</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hu, Kun" sort="Hu, Kun" uniqKey="Hu K" first="Kun" last="Hu">Kun Hu</name><name sortKey="Lin, Haotian" sort="Lin, Haotian" uniqKey="Lin H" first="Haotian" last="Lin">Haotian Lin</name><name sortKey="Lu, Sihua" sort="Lu, Sihua" uniqKey="Lu S" first="Sihua" last="Lu">Sihua Lu</name><name sortKey="Lu, Xingdong" sort="Lu, Xingdong" uniqKey="Lu X" first="Xingdong" last="Lu">Xingdong Lu</name><name sortKey="Shao, Min" sort="Shao, Min" uniqKey="Shao M" first="Min" last="Shao">Min Shao</name><name sortKey="Xie, Fangjian" sort="Xie, Fangjian" uniqKey="Xie F" first="Fangjian" last="Xie">Fangjian Xie</name><name sortKey="Zeng, Limin" sort="Zeng, Limin" uniqKey="Zeng L" first="Limin" last="Zeng">Limin Zeng</name><name sortKey="Zheng, Jun" sort="Zheng, Jun" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jun" last="Zheng">Jun Zheng</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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